Situation of Traditional Medicine
in Bangladesh
Traditional Medicine?
_ ‘traditional medicine” refers to health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plant, animal and mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises, applied singularly or in combination to treat, diagnose and prevent illnesses or maintain well-being.
_ South Asia is historically rich for the practice of Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy and various local treatments that include food systems, spiritual rituals, customs, etc.
Bangladesh Healthcare service
_ a. Modern system: based on Allopath
medicine
_ b.Traditional System:
_ i. Ayurvedic (Kabiraji)
_ ii. Unani, (Hakim)
_ iii. Homeopathic
_ iv. Folk medicine
There are about 6,000 registered and 10,000 unregistered practitioners (kabiraj and Hakims)
Modern and Traditional side by side
_ In Bangladesh, Homeopath, Ayurvedic and Unani medicines are officially recognised, practised as alternative and side by side with allopathic medicine and also as supplementary system.
_ There are 2 dozens registered herbal pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh, of which 4 big pharmaceuticals are Sadhana, Sakhti, Kundeshwari, and Hamdard, producing 80% of
traditional remedies.
_ These are controlled by Unani and Ayurvedic Board.
Pharmaceuticals based on Ayurvedic,
Unani etc.
_ Ayurvedic company: 204
_ Unani: 297
_ Homeopathic: 77
The annual sale of these companies (2003) is Tk. 300 crores
There are no formally registered Herbal medicinal
pharceuticals
But 2 Allopath based pharnmaceutical company are marketing
2 herbal drugs
Heptolin by ACME for liver disease
Adovas by Square for cold, cough
40 Ayurvedic and Unani companies have applied for license to
produce Herbal medicine
Folk Medical practice
_ Based on traditional beliefs, social cultures, with or without use of medicinal preparations
_ a. Modern system: based on Allopath
medicine
_ b.Traditional System:
_ i. Ayurvedic (Kabiraji)
_ ii. Unani, (Hakim)
_ iii. Homeopathic
_ iv. Folk medicine
There are about 6,000 registered and 10,000 unregistered practitioners (kabiraj and Hakims)
Modern and Traditional side by side
_ In Bangladesh, Homeopath, Ayurvedic and Unani medicines are officially recognised, practised as alternative and side by side with allopathic medicine and also as supplementary system.
_ There are 2 dozens registered herbal pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh, of which 4 big pharmaceuticals are Sadhana, Sakhti, Kundeshwari, and Hamdard, producing 80% of
traditional remedies.
_ These are controlled by Unani and Ayurvedic Board.
Pharmaceuticals based on Ayurvedic,
Unani etc.
_ Ayurvedic company: 204
_ Unani: 297
_ Homeopathic: 77
The annual sale of these companies (2003) is Tk. 300 crores
There are no formally registered Herbal medicinal
pharceuticals
But 2 Allopath based pharnmaceutical company are marketing
2 herbal drugs
Heptolin by ACME for liver disease
Adovas by Square for cold, cough
40 Ayurvedic and Unani companies have applied for license to
produce Herbal medicine
Folk Medical practice
_ Based on traditional beliefs, social cultures, with or without use of medicinal preparations
– includes religious and also spiritual medicines
_ Folk medicine is mainly based on community knowledge
_ Folk medicine is mainly based on community knowledge
– expressed through experiential knowledge of the elderly people, homebased treatments.
Folk medicine is widely practised in Bangladesh
Why all these are called TM?
_ Traditional Medicine or treatment is based on traditional uses of plants, animals or their products, other natural substances (including some inorganic chemicals), religious verses, cultural practices, and physical manipulations.
_ This system of medicine has been in use almost unchanged generation after generation throughout the ages for the treatment of various physical and psychological diseases, it is called traditional.
_ The type, preparation, and uses of traditional medicines are largely influenced by folklore customs and the cultural habits, social practices, religious beliefs and, in many cases, superstitions of the people who prescribe or use them.
Why all these are called TM?
_ Traditional Medicine or treatment is based on traditional uses of plants, animals or their products, other natural substances (including some inorganic chemicals), religious verses, cultural practices, and physical manipulations.
_ This system of medicine has been in use almost unchanged generation after generation throughout the ages for the treatment of various physical and psychological diseases, it is called traditional.
_ The type, preparation, and uses of traditional medicines are largely influenced by folklore customs and the cultural habits, social practices, religious beliefs and, in many cases, superstitions of the people who prescribe or use them.
What is the main interest now?
_ Countries like Bangladesh are rich in biodiversity, therefore have a rich resource of herbs and plants, trees which in one or more of its organs, contains substances that can be used for
therapeutic purposes.
_ Bioprospecting i.e. commercialisation of biological resources ( world market of $62 billlion according to survey in 2000 increasing by 15% each year.
Situation of imports of medicinal plants
_ Bangladesh is so far the importer of raw materials for pharmacueticals (Tk. 64 crore worth of medicinal plants)
_ Govt. aims to reduce imports.
_ Bangladesh has at least 500 medicinal plants, 106 plant species being listed as endangered.
_ 80% people depend on herbal medicines
for their primary health care.
_ Allocation of budget for TM is 0.08%
Concerns related to ‘traditional medicine’
_ It treats the products, processes and the knowledge of traditional medicine independent from the system. For example, plants, food systems or the fermentation process of traditional Ayurvedic system is seen as ‘raw materials’ to be appropriated by the modern allopathic
system, as if the knowledge-value or medicinal value of the elements of the systems can be treated separately and extracted without the system within which they play the medicinal role.
_ The integration or appropriation of ‘traditional medicine’ in the mainstream health care systems implies potential danger of biopiracy.
_ The issue of a people-based primary health care is not integration of ‘traditional medicine’ in the modern’ health care system but to develop the critique of all systems.
_ Countries like Bangladesh are rich in biodiversity, therefore have a rich resource of herbs and plants, trees which in one or more of its organs, contains substances that can be used for
therapeutic purposes.
_ Bioprospecting i.e. commercialisation of biological resources ( world market of $62 billlion according to survey in 2000 increasing by 15% each year.
Situation of imports of medicinal plants
_ Bangladesh is so far the importer of raw materials for pharmacueticals (Tk. 64 crore worth of medicinal plants)
_ Govt. aims to reduce imports.
_ Bangladesh has at least 500 medicinal plants, 106 plant species being listed as endangered.
_ 80% people depend on herbal medicines
for their primary health care.
_ Allocation of budget for TM is 0.08%
Concerns related to ‘traditional medicine’
_ It treats the products, processes and the knowledge of traditional medicine independent from the system. For example, plants, food systems or the fermentation process of traditional Ayurvedic system is seen as ‘raw materials’ to be appropriated by the modern allopathic
system, as if the knowledge-value or medicinal value of the elements of the systems can be treated separately and extracted without the system within which they play the medicinal role.
_ The integration or appropriation of ‘traditional medicine’ in the mainstream health care systems implies potential danger of biopiracy.
_ The issue of a people-based primary health care is not integration of ‘traditional medicine’ in the modern’ health care system but to develop the critique of all systems.
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